He Kupu Whakataki ki te Yoga

Ko te Yoga te whakamaoritanga o te kupu "yoga", ko tōna tikanga he "ioka", e pā ana ki te whakamahinga o te ioka taputapu pāmu hei hono i ngā kau e rua hei parau i te whenua, hei akiaki hoki i ngā pononga me ngā hōiho. Ina honoa ngā kau e rua ki te ioka hei parau i te whenua, me neke ngātahi rāua, me noho tahi, me te whakakotahi, ki te kore, kāore e taea e rāua te mahi. Ko tōna tikanga he "hononga, he whakakotahitanga, he rangimārie", ā, i muri mai ka whakawhānuihia hei "tikanga hono me te whakawhānui i te wairuatanga", arā, hei arotahi i te aro o te tangata me te ārahi, te whakamahi me te whakatinana.

I ngā mano tau ki muri i Īnia, i a rātou e whai ana i te āhua tino pai o te rangimarie i waenganui i te tangata me te taiao, he maha ngā wā i noho motuhake ai ngā mōneka i roto i te ngahere tawhito, ā, i whakaaroaro hoki. Whai muri i te wā roa o te oranga ngāwari, ka mōhio ngā mōneka ki ngā ture maha o te taiao mā te tirotiro i ngā rauropi, kātahi ka whakamahia ngā ture oranga o ngā rauropi ki te tangata, me te āta kite i ngā huringa ngawari o te tinana. Nō reira, i ako te tangata ki te kōrero ki ō rātou tinana, ā, nō reira i ako ai ki te tūhura i ō rātou tinana, ā, ka tīmata ki te pupuri me te whakahaere i ō rātou hauora, me te hiahia hoki ki te whakaora i ngā mate me ngā mamae. Whai muri i ngā mano tau o te rangahau me te whakarāpopototanga, kua āta whanake haere tētahi huinga pūnaha hauora me te oranga tinana e tino tika ana, e whai tikanga ana, arā, ko te yoga.

Ngā pikitia o ngā ioka hou

Ko te Yoga, kua rongonui, kua werawera hoki i ngā wāhi maha o te ao i ngā tau tata nei, ehara i te mea he mahi whakapakari tinana rongonui, he mahi āhua hou rānei. He tikanga mahi mātauranga pūngao tawhito rawa te Yoga e whakakotahi ana i te rapunga whakaaro, te pūtaiao me te toi. Ko te turanga o te yoga kei runga i te rapunga whakaaro tawhito o Īnia. Mō ngā mano tau, kua noho ngā ture hinengaro, tinana me te wairua hei wāhanga nui o te ahurea Īnia. Nā te hunga whakapono yoga o mua i whakawhanake te pūnaha yoga nā te mea i whakapono pūmau rātou mā te whakakorikori i te tinana me te whakahaere i te manawa, ka taea e rātou te whakahaere i te hinengaro me ngā kare ā-roto me te pupuri i te tinana hauora ake ake.

Ko te whāinga o te yoga he whakatutuki i te rangimarie i waenganui i te tinana, te hinengaro me te taiao, kia whanake ai te pūmanawa tangata, te whakaaro nui me te wairuatanga. Ki te kī māmā, he nekehanga hihiri ā-tinana, he mahi wairua hoki te yoga, ā, he rapunga whakaaro anō hoki mō te oranga e whakamahia ana i ia rā. Ko te whāinga o te mahi yoga he whakatutuki i te māramatanga me te whakahaere pai i te hinengaro o te tangata, me te mōhio ki ngā kare ā-tinana me te whakahaere i aua kare ā-tinana.

Ngā Pūtake o te Yoga

Ko te takenga mai o te yoga ka taea te whai i ngā tikanga tawhito o Īnia. I Īnia tawhito, 5,000 tau ki muri, i kiia ko "te taonga o te ao". He kaha tōna aro ki ngā whakaaro ngaro, ā, ko te nuinga o aua mea ka tukuna iho i te rangatira ki te ākonga i roto i te ahua o ngā tikanga ā-waha. Ko ngā yogi o mua he kaipūtaiao mohio katoa i wero i te taiao i te tau katoa i te take o ngā maunga hukarere o Himalaya. Hei oranga roa, hauora hoki, me aro atu te tangata ki te "mate", "mate", "tinana", "wairua" me te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tangata me te ao whānui. Koinei ngā take kua akohia e ngā yogi mō ngā rautau.

I ahu mai te yoga i ngā puke o te Himalayan i te raki o Īnia. Nā ngā kairangahau rapunga whakaaro me ngā tohunga yoga o ēnei rā, i runga i ngā rangahau me ngā pūrākau, i whakaaro me te whakaahua i te takenga mai o te yoga: I tētahi taha o te Himalayas, kei reira tētahi Maunga Tapu o te Whaea Tapu e 8,000 mita te teitei, kei reira he maha ngā morehu e mahi ana i te whakaaroaro me te uaua, ā, he tokomaha o rātou ka noho hei hunga tapu. Nō reira, ka tīmata ētahi tāngata ki te hae me te whai i a rātou. I tukuna e ēnei hunga tapu ngā tikanga huna o te mahi ki ā rātou akonga i roto i te ahua o ngā tikanga ā-waha, ā, koinei ngā yogi tuatahi. I te wā e mahi ana ngā kaimahi yoga o Īnia o mua i ō rātou tinana me ō rātou hinengaro i roto i te taiao, ka kitea e rātou he maha ngā kararehe me ngā tipu i whānau mai me ngā huarahi ki te whakaora, ki te whakangā, ki te moe, ki te noho mataara rānei, ā, ka taea e rātou te ora maori me te kore he maimoatanga i a rātou e mate ana.

I āta tirotirohia e rātou ngā kararehe kia kite ai me pēhea rātou e urutau ai ki te oranga taiao, me pēhea rātou e manawa ana, e kai ana, e whakaputa ana i te paru, e okioki ana, e moe ana, ā, e wikitoria ana i ngā mate. I tirotirohia, i whakatauirahia, ā, i wheakohia e rātou ngā tū o ngā kararehe, me te hanganga o te tinana tangata me ngā pūnaha rerekē, ā, i hangaia he raupapa o ngā pūnaha whakakori tinana e whai hua ana ki te tinana me te hinengaro, arā, ngā asana. I taua wā anō, i tātarihia e rātou te pānga o te wairua ki te hauora, i tūhuratia ngā huarahi hei whakahaere i te hinengaro, ā, i rapu huarahi hei whakatutuki i te rangimarie i waenga i te tinana, te hinengaro, me te taiao, kia whanake ai te pūmanawa tangata, te whakaaro nui, me te wairuatanga. Koinei te pūtake o te whakaaroaro yoga. I muri i te neke atu i te 5,000 tau o te mahi, kua whai hua ngā tikanga whakaora e whakaakona ana e te yoga i ngā whakatipuranga o te tangata.

I te tīmatanga, i mahi ngā yogi i roto i ngā ana me ngā ngahere matotoru o ngā maunga Himalaya, kātahi ka horapa ki ngā temepara me ngā whare whenua. Ina tae ngā yogi ki te taumata hohonu o te whakaaroaro hohonu, ka tutuki i a rātou te whakakotahitanga o te hinengaro takitahi me te hinengaro ao, ka whakaarahia te kaha moe o roto, ka whiwhi i te māramatanga me te harikoa nui, ka hoatu he kaha me te ataahua ki te yoga, ā, ka horapa haere i waenga i te iwi noa o Īnia.

I te tau 300 BC pea, i hangaia e te tohunga nui o Īnia, a Patanjali, ngā Yoga Sutra, i ahu mai ai te yoga Īnia, ā, i tautuhia te mahi yoga hei pūnaha waru-waewae. He tangata tapu a Patanjali he mea nui ki te yoga. Nāna i tuhi ngā Yoga Sutra, i homai ai ngā ariā me ngā mātauranga katoa mō te yoga. I roto i tēnei mahi, i hangaia e te yoga tētahi pūnaha katoa mō te wā tuatahi. E whakanuia ana a Patanjali hei kaiwhakaū o te yoga Īnia.

Kua kitea e ngā kaipūtaiao whenua tētahi oko uku kua tiakina pai i te awa o Indus, kei reira te whakaahua o tētahi āhua yoga e whakaaroaro ana. E 5,000 tau te pakeke o tēnei oko uku, e whakaatu ana i te hītori o te yoga mai i tētahi wā tawhito rawa atu.

Wā Vedic Proto-Vedic

Wā taketake

Mai i te 5000 BC ki te 3000 BC, i ako ngā kaimahi Inia i te mahi yoga mai i ngā kararehe i roto i te ngahere tawhito. I te Awaawa o Wutong, i tukuna pukutia te nuinga. Whai muri i te 1,000 tau o te whanaketanga, he iti noa ngā tuhinga tuhituhi, ā, i puta mai i roto i te ahua o te whakaaroaro, te whakaaroaro me te noho tapu. I tēnei wā i huaina te Yoga ko te Yoga Tantric. I te wā kāore he tuhinga tuhituhi, ka whanake haere te yoga mai i te whakaaro matatika taketake ki te tikanga mahi, i roto i ēnei ko te whakaaroaro, te whakaaroaro me te noho tapu te pokapū o te mahi yoga. I te wā o te Ao Indus, i kopikopiko haere tetahi rōpū o ngā tāngata whenua o te whenua Inia i te ao. I homai e ngā mea katoa he whakaaweawe mutunga kore ki a rātou. I whakahaerehia e rātou ngā kawa uaua me te tapu, ā, i karakia ki ngā atua ki te uiui mō te pono o te ora. Ko te karakia ki te mana moepuku, ngā pūkenga motuhake me te roa o te ora ngā āhuatanga o te Yoga Tantric. Ko te Yoga i roto i te tikanga tuku iho he mahi mō te wairua o roto. Ko te whanaketanga o te yoga kua haere tahi tonu me te whanaketanga hītori o ngā karakia Inia. Ko te tikanga o te yoga kua whanake tonu, kua whakareihia hoki me te whanaketanga o te hītori.

Wā Vedic

I puta te ariā tuatahi o te yoga i te rautau 15 BC ki te rautau 8 BC. Nā te whakaekenga mai o ngā Aryan haereere i kaha ake te hekenga o te iwi taketake o Īnia, ā, i kawea mai te ahurea Brahman. I tuatahitia te ariā o te yoga i roto i te pukapuka whakapono rongonui "Vedas", i tautuhi i te yoga he "whakapūmau" he "whakahaere" engari kāore he tū. I roto i tana pukapuka rongonui whakamutunga, i whakamahia te yoga hei tikanga whakahaere i a koe anō, ā, i whakaurua hoki ētahi o ngā kaupapa o te whakahaere manawa. I taua wā, i hangaia e ngā tohunga i whakapono ki te Atua mō te karakia pai ake. I tīmata te whāinga o te mahi yoga Vedic ki te neke mai i te mahi tinana ki te whakatutuki i te whakaoranga i a koe anō ki te taumata whakaaro whakapono o te whakatutuki i te kotahitanga o Brahman me Atman.

Te Pūtaiao o Mua i te Matarohia

Ka riro te Yoga hei huarahi mahi wairua

I te rautau ono BC, tokorua ngā tāngata nunui i whānau mai i Īnia. Ko tētahi ko te Buddha rongonui, ko tētahi ko Mahavira, te kaiwhakaū o te whakapono Jain tuku iho i Īnia. Ka taea te whakarāpopoto i ngā whakaakoranga a te Buddha hei "Ngā Pono Rangatira e Whā: te mamae, te takenga mai, te mutunga, me te ara". E mōhiotia whānuitia ana ngā pūnaha whakaakoranga e rua a te Buddha e te ao katoa. Ko tētahi e kiia ana ko "Vipassana" ko tētahi e kiia ana ko "Samapatti", kei roto ko te "Anapanasati" rongonui. Hei tāpiri, i whakatūria e te Buddha he anga taketake mō te mahi wairua e kiia nei ko te "Ara Waru", e rite ana te "oranga tika" me te "ngakau tika" ki ngā ture me te uaua o te Raja Yoga.

Te whakapakoko o Mahavira, te kaiwhakaū o te Jainism i Īnia

I rongonui whānuitia te whakapono Puta i ngā wā onamata, ā, i horapa ngā tikanga mahi Puta i runga i te whakaaroaro ki te nuinga o Āhia. Kāore i herea te whakaaroaro Puta ki ētahi mōneka me ngā tāngata whakahihi (Sadhus), engari i whakamahia anō hoki e te tini o te hunga noa. Nā te horapa whānui o te whakapono Puta, i rongonui te whakaaroaro ki te tuawhenua o Īnia. I muri mai, mai i te mutunga o te rautau 10 ki te tīmatanga o te rautau 13, ka whakaekea a Īnia e ngā Mahometa Tūriki o Āhia Waenganui, ā, ka noho ki reira. I whiua e rātou te whakapono Puta, ā, i akiaki i ngā Īnia kia tahuri ki te Ihirama mā te tutu me ngā tikanga ōhanga. I te tīmatanga o te rautau 13, kua memeha haere te whakapono Puta i Īnia. Heoi, i Haina, i Hapani, i Kōrea ki te Tonga me ngā whenua o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti, kua tiakina, kua whanakehia hoki te tikanga whakaaroaro Puta.

I te rautau 6 BC, i whakaurua mai e Buddha (Vipassana), i ngaro atu i Inia i te rautau 13. I whakaekea te Ihirama e ngā Mahometa, ā, i akiakihia. I te rautau 8 BC ki te rautau 5 BC, i roto i ngā Upanishads rongonui, kāore he asana, e pā ana ki tētahi tikanga mahi whānui ka taea te whakakore katoa i te mamae. E rua ngā kura yoga rongonui, arā: te karma yoga me te jnana yoga. Ko te Karma yoga e aro nui ana ki ngā kawa whakapono, ko te jnana yoga ia e aro ana ki te ako me te mārama ki ngā karaipiture whakapono. Ka taea e ngā tikanga mahi e rua te āwhina i te tangata kia tae ki te āhua o te whakaoranga.

Wā matarohia

Rau tau 5 BC - rautau 2 AD: Ka puta mai ngā mahi yoga rongonui

He wahine e mahi yoga ana, he tū tino tika

Mai i te tuhinga whānui o ngā Veda i te tau 1500 BC, ki te tuhinga mārama mō te yoga i roto i ngā Upanishads, ki te putanga mai o te Bhagavad Gita, i oti te whakakotahi i te mahi yoga me te rapunga whakaaro o Vedanta, e kōrero ana mō ngā momo huarahi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki te atua, ā, ko ngā ihirangi o roto ko Raja Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Karma Yoga, me Jnana Yoga. Nāna i hanga te yoga, he mahi wairua ā-iwi, kia noho hei tikanga tuku iho, mai i te whakanui i te mahi ki te noho tahi o te whanonga, te whakapono, me te mātauranga.

I te tau 300 BC pea, i hangaia e te tohunga Inia a Patanjali ngā Yoga Sutra, i hangaia ai te yoga Inia, ā, i tautuhia te mahi yoga hei pūnaha waru-waewae. E whakanuia ana a Patanjali hei kaiwhakaū o te yoga. E kōrero ana ngā Yoga Sutra mō te whakatutukitanga o te āhua o te tinana, te hinengaro, me te wairua mā te purenga wairua, ā, e tautuhi ana i te yoga hei huarahi mahi e pehi ana i te hurihuri o te hinengaro. Arā: ko te mutunga o te whakaaro Samkhya me te ariā mahi o te kura Yoga, me piri tonu ki te tikanga waru-waewae hei whakatutuki i te whakaoranga me te hoki ki te tuakiri tūturu. Ko te tikanga waru-waewae ko: "E waru ngā taahiraa hei mahi yoga; te whakahaere i a ia anō, te uaua, te whakaaroaro, te manawa, te whakahaere i ngā kare ā-roto, te manawanui, te whakaaroaro, me te samadhi." Koinei te pokapū o Raja Yoga me te huarahi hei whakatutuki i te māramatanga.

Muri iho i te Matarohia

Rau tau 2 AD - rau tau 19 AD: I tupu te Yoga Hou

Ko Tantra, te whakapono ngaro e whai mana nui ana ki te yoga o ēnei rā, e whakapono ana ko te herekoretanga mutunga kore ka taea anake te whiwhi mā te noho pūmau me te whakaaroaro, ā, ka taea te whiwhi herekoretanga mā te karakia ki te atua wahine. E whakapono ana rātou he whanaungatanga me te takirua ngā mea katoa (te pai me te kino, te wera me te makariri, te yin me te yang), ā, ko te huarahi anake hei whakakore i te mamae ko te hono me te whakauru i te whanaungatanga me te takirua katoa i roto i te tinana. Ahakoa i whakanui a Patanjali i te hiranga o te whakakorikori tinana me te purenga, i whakapono anō ia he poke te tinana tangata. Ka ngana te yogi tino mārama ki te whakakore i te roopu o te mano kia kore ai e poke. Heoi, e tino maioha ana te kura (Tantra) Yoga ki te tinana tangata, e whakapono ana kei roto a Lord Shiva i te tinana tangata, ā, e whakapono ana ko te takenga mai o ngā mea katoa i roto i te taiao ko te mana moepuku, kei raro i te tuaiwi. Ehara te ao i te mānukanuka, engari he tohu o te atuatanga. Ka taea e te tangata te whakatata atu ki te atuatanga mā roto i ō rātou wheako o te ao. E pai ake ana ki a rātou te whakakotahi i te kaha tāne me te wahine i roto i te huarahi tohu. Ka whakawhirinaki rātou ki ngā tū yoga uaua hei whakaoho i te mana wahine i roto i te tinana, hei tango mai i te tinana, kātahi ka whakakotahi ki te mana tāne kei te tihi o te māhunga. Nui atu tō rātou whakaute ki ngā wāhine i tētahi atu yogi.

Te Maioha | Te Whai i te Tantra: Te titiro ki te karakia ki ngā atua i roto i te yoga me ngā whakairo onamata

Whai muri i ngā Yoga Sutra, ko te yoga muri-matarohia. Kei roto ko ngā Yoga Upanishads, Tantra me Hatha Yoga. E 21 ngā Yoga Upanishads. I roto i ēnei Upanishads, ehara i te mea ko te hinengaro parakore, te whakaaro tika, tae noa ki te whakaaroaro anake ngā huarahi hei whakatutuki i te whakaoranga. Me tutuki katoa i a rātou te āhua o te kotahitanga o Brahman me Atman mā te whakarerekētanga tinana me te wheako wairua i puta mai i ngā tikanga mahi ascetic. Nō reira, ko te kai, te kore kai, ngā asana, ngā chakra e whitu, me ētahi atu, me ngā mantra, te ringa-tinana ...

Wā hou

Kua whanake te yoga tae noa ki te wā kua horapa whānuitia hei tikanga whakakori tinana me te hinengaro puta noa i te ao. Kua horapa atu i Īnia ki Ūropi, ki Amerika, ki Āhia-Kiwa, ki Āwherika, me ētahi atu, ā, e tino whakautehia ana mō ōna pānga ki te whakamamae i te ahotea hinengaro me te tiaki hauora tinana. I taua wā anō, kua whanake tonu ngā momo tikanga yoga, pērā i te yoga wera, te hatha yoga, te yoga wera, te yoga hauora, me ētahi atu, tae atu ki ētahi pūtaiao whakahaere yoga. I ēnei rā, kei reira anō ētahi tino tangata yoga he mana nui, pērā i a Iyengar, Swami Ramdev, Zhang Huilan, me ētahi atu. Kāore e taea te whakakore ka nui ake te aro o te tangata ki te yoga tawhito mai i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te ao.