Nhanganyaya yeYoga
Yoga ishoko rekuti "yoga", zvinoreva "joko", zvichireva kushandiswa kwejoko rezvishandiso zvekurima kubatanidza mombe mbiri pamwe chete kuti dzirime ivhu, uye kufambisa varanda nemabhiza. Kana mombe mbiri dzakabatana nejoko kuti dzirime ivhu, dzinofanira kufamba pamwe chete uye dzive dzakabatana uye dzakabatana, zvikasadaro hadzizokwanisi kushanda. Zvinoreva "kubatana, kusanganiswa, kugarisana", uye gare gare zvinowedzerwa ku "nzira yekubatanidza nekuwedzera zvekunamata", kureva kuti, kutarisisa vanhu nekutungamira, kushandisa nekushandisa.
Zviuru zvemakore zvakapfuura muIndia, mukutsvaga hukama hwepamusoro-soro pakati pevanhu nezvisikwa, mamongi aiwanzogara ari ega musango rekare uye achifungisisa. Mushure menguva refu yehupenyu huri nyore, mamongi akaziva mitemo yakawanda yechisikigo kubva pakucherechedza zvipenyu, uye vakazoshandisa mitemo yekupona kwezvisikwa kuvanhu, vachinzwa zvishoma nezvishoma shanduko dzisinganzwisisike mumuviri. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanhu vakadzidza kutaurirana nemiviri yavo, uye nokudaro vakadzidza kuongorora miviri yavo, uye vakatanga kuchengetedza nekugadzirisa hutano hwavo, pamwe nepfungwa yekurapa zvirwere nemarwadzo. Mushure mezviuru zvemakore ekutsvaga nekupfupisa, seti yehutano hwakakwana, hwakarurama uye hunoshanda uye hurongwa hwekugwinya hwakashanduka zvishoma nezvishoma, inova yoga.
Mifananidzo yemajoko emazuva ano
Yoga, iyo yave yakakurumbira uye ichipisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi rose mumakore achangopfuura, haisi kungoitwa kurovedza muviri kwakakurumbira kana kuti kwakajairwa. Yoga inzira yekare kwazvo yekudzidzira ruzivo rwesimba inosanganisa uzivi, sainzi nehunyanzvi. Hwaro hweyoga hwakavakirwa pauzivi hwekare hweIndia. Kwezviuru zvemakore, mitemo yepfungwa, yemuviri uye yezvemweya yave chikamu chakakosha chetsika dzeIndia. Vatendi veyoga vekare vakagadzira nzira yeyoga nekuti vaitenda zvakasimba kuti nekurovedza muviri uye kudzora kufema, vaigona kudzora pfungwa nemanzwiro uye kuchengetedza muviri une hutano nekusingaperi.
Chinangwa cheyoga ndechekuwana hukama pakati pemuviri, pfungwa nezvisikwa, kuitira kuti munhu akwanise kuita zvinhu, uchenjeri nekunamata. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, yoga isangano rinosimudzira muviri uye tsika yemweya, uye zvakare ipfungwa yehupenyu inoshandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Chinangwa cheyoga ndechekunzwisisa nekudzora pfungwa dzako zvakanaka, uye kuziva nekuziva pfungwa dzemuviri.
Mavambo eYoga
Kwakatangira yoga kunogona kuteverwa kudzokera kumashure kune tsika dzekare dzeIndia. MuIndia yekare makore 5,000 apfuura, yainzi "pfuma yenyika". Ine katsika kakasimba kekufunga zvinhu zvisinganzwisisike, uye yakawanda yacho inopfuudzwa kubva kumudzidzisi kuenda kumudzidzi nenzira yekutaura. Mayogi ekutanga vese vaive masayendisiti akangwara aipikisa zvakasikwa gore rese pasi pemakomo eHimalaya akafukidzwa nechando. Kuti munhu ararame hupenyu hurefu uye hune hutano, anofanira kutarisana ne "chirwere", "rufu", "muviri", "mweya" uye hukama huripo pakati pemunhu nenyika yese. Aya ndiwo matambudziko akadzidzwa neyogis kwemazana emakore.
Yoga yakatanga mumakomo eHimalaya kuchamhembe kweIndia. Vaongorori vepfungwa dzemazuva ano nenyanzvi dzeyoga, zvichibva pakutsvagurudza nengano, vakafungidzira uye vakatsanangura mavambo eyoga: Kune rumwe rutivi rweHimalaya, kune Gomo reAmai Vatsvene rakareba mamita 8,000, uko kune vanhu vakawanda vanogara mudzimba dzavo vanoita kufungisisa uye kuomerwa, uye vazhinji vavo vanova vatsvene. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vamwe vanhu vakatanga kuvaitira godo nekuvatevera. Vatsvene ava vakapa nzira dzakavanzika dzekudzidzira kuvateveri vavo muchimiro chemafomura emuromo, uye ava ndivo vaiva mayogi ekutanga. Vanoita yoga vekare vekuIndia pavaidzidzira miviri yavo nepfungwa dzavo muzvisikwa, vakaona netsaona kuti mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana nemiti zvakazvarwa nenzira dzekuporesa, kuzorora, kurara, kana kuramba vakamuka, uye vaigona kupora nenzira dzechisikigo vasina kurapwa pavairwara.
Vakanyatsoongorora mhuka kuti vaone kuti dzakajaira sei hupenyu hwechisikigo, kuti dzaifema sei, dzaidya sei, dzaiburitsa sei, dzaizorora sei, dzairara sei, uye dzaikunda zvirwere zvinobudirira. Vakaona, vakatevedzera, uye vakazvionera vega mamiriro emhuka, pamwe chete nechimiro chemuviri wemunhu uye masisitimu akasiyana-siyana, uye vakagadzira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurovedza muviri dzinobatsira muviri nepfungwa, kureva, asanas. Panguva imwe chete, vakaongorora kuti mweya unokanganisa sei hutano, vakatsvaga nzira dzekudzora pfungwa, uye vakatsvaga nzira dzekuwana hukama pakati pemuviri, pfungwa, nezvisikwa, nokudaro vachivandudza kugona kwevanhu, uchenjeri, uye zvekunamata. Aya ndiwo mavambo ekufungisisa kweyoga. Mushure memakore anopfuura 5,000 ekudzidzira, nzira dzekurapa dzinodzidziswa neyoga dzakabatsira zvizvarwa zvevanhu.
Pakutanga, mayogi aidzidzira mumapako nemasango akakora muHimalaya, uye akazokura kusvika kumatemberi nedzimba dzekumaruwa. Kana mayogi akapinda padanho rakadzama mukufungisisa kwakadzama, achawana musanganiswa wekuziva kwemunhu nekuziva kwepasi rose, kumutsa simba rakanyarara mukati, uye kuwana ruzivo nemufaro mukuru, nokudaro achipa yoga simba rakasimba uye runako, uye zvishoma nezvishoma achipararira pakati pevanhuwo zvavo muIndia.
Munenge muna 300 BC, muzivi mukuru wekuIndia, Patanjali, akagadzira Yoga Sutras, iyo yoga yeIndia yakavambwa zvechokwadi, uye tsika yeyoga yakatsanangurwa zviri pamutemo sehurongwa hwemakumbo masere. Patanjali musande ane kukosha kukuru kweyoga. Akanyora Yoga Sutras, iyo yakapa dzidziso dzese neruzivo rweyoga. Mubasa iri, yoga yakaumba hurongwa hwakakwana kekutanga. Patanjali anoremekedzwa semuvambi weyoga yeIndia.
Vanochera matongo vakawana hari yakachengetedzwa zvakanaka muRwizi rweIndus, apo panoratidzwa munhu weyoga achifungisisa. Hari iyi ine makore angangoita 5,000, zvinoratidza kuti nhoroondo yeyoga inogona kuteverwa kudzokera shure munguva yekare.
Nguva yeVedic Proto-Vedic
Nguva yekare
Kubva 5000 BC kusvika 3000 BC, varapi vechiIndia vakadzidza tsika yeyoga kubva kumhuka dzaiva musango rekare. MuWutong Valley, yaipfuudzwa zvakanyanya muchivande. Mushure memakore chiuru ekushanduka-shanduka, kwaive nezvinyorwa zvishoma zvakanyorwa, uye yakaonekwa muchimiro chekufungisisa, kufungisisa uye kuzvinyima. Yoga panguva iyi yainzi Tantric Yoga. Munguva isina zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa, yoga yakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakufunga kwekare kweuzivi kuita nzira yekudzidzira, pakati payo kufungisisa, kufungisisa uye kuzvinyima zvaive musimboti wekuita yoga. Munguva yeIndus Civilization, boka revanhu vemuIndia vakafamba-famba pasi rose. Zvese zvakavapa kurudziro isingaperi. Vaiita mhemberero dzakaoma uye dzakakomba uye vainamata vanamwari kuti vabvunze nezvechokwadi chehupenyu. Kunamatwa kwesimba repabonde, hunyanzvi hwakakosha uye hupenyu hurefu ndizvo hunhu hweTantric Yoga. Yoga mupfungwa yechinyakare tsika yemukati memweya. Kukura kweyoga kwagara kuchiperekedzwa nekushanduka-shanduka kwenhoroondo kwezvitendero zveIndia. Zvinorehwa neyoga zvagara zvichivandudzwa uye zvichiwedzerwa nekukura kwenhoroondo.
Nguva yeVedic
Pfungwa yekutanga yeyoga yakaonekwa muzana remakore rechi15 BC kusvika muzana remakore rechi8 BC. Kupinda kwevaAryan vanotama-tama kwakawedzera kudzikira kwetsika dzemuIndia uye kwakaunza tsika dzeBrahman. Pfungwa yeyoga yakatanga kutaurwa mu "Vedas" yechitendero, iyo yakatsanangura yoga se "kuzvidzora" kana "kuzvidzora" asi isina maitiro. Mukirasi yayo yekupedzisira, yoga yakashandiswa senzira yekuzvidzora, uye yaisanganisirawo zvimwe zvezvinodzora kufema. Panguva iyoyo, yakagadzirwa nevapristi vaitenda muna Mwari kuti vataure zviri nani. Chinangwa cheVedic yoga yakatanga kuchinja kubva pakudzidzira muviri kusvika pakuzvisunungura kusvika pakukwirira kwehuzivi hwechitendero hwekuziva kubatana kwaBrahman naAtman.
Pre-Classical
Yoga inova nzira yekudzidzira zvemweya
Muzana remakore rechitanhatu BC, varume vaviri vakuru vakaberekerwa muIndia. Mumwe ndiBuddha anozivikanwa zvikuru, uye mumwe ndiMahavira, muvambi weboka reJain retsika muIndia. Dzidziso dzaBuddha dzinogona kupfupikiswa se "Chokwadi China Chikuru: kutambura, mavambo, kuguma, uye nzira". Maitiro ese ari maviri edzidziso dzaBuddha anozivikanwa pasi rose. Rimwe rinonzi "Vipassana" uye rimwe rinonzi "Samapatti", iro rinosanganisira "Anapanasati" ane mukurumbira. Pamusoro pezvo, Buddha akatanga hwaro hwekutanga hwekuita zvemweya hunonzi "Nzira yeVasere", umo "mararamiro akarurama" uye "kuedza kwakarurama" zvakafanana nemirairo nekushingaira muRaja Yoga.
Chifananidzo chaMahavira, muvambi weJainism muIndia
ChiBuddha chaizivikanwa zvikuru munguva dzekare, uye nzira dzechiBuddha dzekufungisisa dzakapararira muAsia yese. Kufungisisa kwechiBuddha kwaisangogumira kune mamwe mamongi nevanhu vanozvipira (Sadhus), asiwo kwaiitwa nevanhuwo zvavo vakawanda. Nekuda kwekupararira kwechiBuddha, kufungisisa kwakava kwakakurumbira muIndia huru. Gare gare, kubva pakupera kwezana remakore rechi10 kusvika pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi13, maMuslim echiTurkic ekuCentral Asia akapinda muIndia ndokugara imomo. Vakarova chiBuddha zvakanyanya uye vakamanikidza maIndia kuti atendeukire kuIslam kuburikidza nechisimba uye nzira dzehupfumi. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi13, chiBuddha chakanga chava kupera muIndia. Zvisinei, muChina, Japan, South Korea nenyika dzeSoutheast Asia, tsika yekufungisisa kwechiBuddha yakachengetedzwa uye yakasimbiswa.
Muzana remakore rechitanhatu BC, Buddha akatanga (Vipassana), iyo yakanyangarika muIndia muzana remakore rechi13. MaMuslim akapinda nechisimba ndokumanikidza Islam. Muzana remakore rechisere BC-zana remakore rechishanu BC, muUpanishads dzechitendero, hapana asana, zvinoreva nzira yekurovedza muviri inogona kubvisa zvachose marwadzo. Kune zvikoro zviviri zveyoga zvakakurumbira, zvinoti: karma yoga nejnana yoga. Karma yoga inosimbisa tsika dzechitendero, nepo jnana yoga ichinyanya kukoshesa kudzidza nekunzwisisa magwaro echitendero. Nzira dzese idzi dzekudzidzira dzinogona kugonesa vanhu kuti vasvike padanho rekusunungurwa.
Nguva yekare
Zana remakore rechi5 BC - zana remakore rechipiri AD: Makirasi eYoga akakosha anoonekwa
Kubva pane zvakanyorwa zveVedas muna 1500 BC, kusvika pane zvakanyorwa zveyoga muUpanishads, kusvika pakuonekwa kweBhagavad Gita, kubatana kwemaitiro eyoga nepfungwa dzeVedanta kwapera, izvo zvainyanya kutaura nezvenzira dzakasiyana dzekutaurirana nemwari, uye zvirimo zvaisanganisira Raja Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Karma Yoga, uye Jnana Yoga. Zvakaita kuti yoga, tsika yevanhu yekunamata, ive tsika yekare, kubva pakusimbisa tsika kusvika pakuvapo pamwe chete kwemaitiro, chitendero, neruzivo.
Munenge muna 300 BC, muzivi wekuIndia anonzi Patanjali akagadzira Yoga Sutras, iyo yoga yeIndia yakavambwa zvechokwadi, uye tsika yeyoga yakatsanangurwa zviri pamutemo sehurongwa hwemakumbo masere. Patanjali anoremekedzwa semuvambi weyoga. Yoga Sutras inotaura nezvekuwana mamiriro ekuenzana kwemuviri, pfungwa, nemweya kuburikidza nekucheneswa kwemweya, uye inotsanangura yoga senzira yekudzidzira inodzvinyirira kusagadzikana kwepfungwa. Ndiko: mugumo wepfungwa yeSamkhya uye dzidziso yekudzidzira yechikoro cheYoga, tevedzera nzira yemakumbo masere kuti uwane rusununguko uye udzokere kune wega chaiye. Nzira yemakumbo masere ndeiyi: "Nhanho sere dzekudzidzira yoga; kuzvidzora, kushingaira, kufungisisa, kufema, kudzora pfungwa, kutsungirira, kufungisisa, uye samadhi." Ndiyo nzvimbo yeRaja Yoga uye nzira yekuwana ruzivo.
Zvekare zvePost-Classical
Zana remakore rechipiri AD - zana remakore rechi19 AD: Yoga yemazuva ano yakabudirira
Tantra, chitendero chevanhuwo zvavo chine simba guru payoga yemazuva ano, chinotenda kuti rusununguko rwekupedzisira runogona kuwanikwa chete kuburikidza nekuzvinyima zvakanyanya uye kufungisisa, uye kuti rusununguko runogona kuwanikwa pakupedzisira kuburikidza nekunamata mwarikadzi. Vanotenda kuti zvese zvine hukama uye huviri (zvakanaka nezvakaipa, kupisa nechando, yin neyang), uye nzira chete yekubvisa marwadzo ndeyekubatanidza nekubatanidza hukama hwese nehuviri mumuviri. Patanjali-kunyange zvazvo akasimbisa kukosha kwekurovedza muviri nekuchenesa, aitendawo kuti muviri wemunhu hauna kuchena. Yogi akajekeswa zvechokwadi achaedza kubvisa boka revanhu kuti asasvibiswe. Zvisinei, chikoro cheYoga (Tantra) chinokoshesa muviri wemunhu zvikuru, chinotenda kuti Ishe Shiva aripo mumuviri wemunhu, uye chinotenda kuti mavambo ezvinhu zvese zvakasikwa isimba repabonde, riri pasi pemusana. Nyika haisi fungidziro, asi humbowo hwehumwari. Vanhu vanogona kuswedera pedyo nehumwari kuburikidza neruzivo rwavo rwenyika. Vanosarudza kusanganisa simba remurume neremukadzi nenzira yekufananidzira. Vanovimba nemaitiro akaoma eyoga kuti vamutse simba revakadzi mumuviri, voribvisa mumuviri, vozorisanganisa nesimba revarume riri pamusoro pemusoro. Vanoremekedza vakadzi kupfuura chero yoga.
Mushure meYoga Sutras, iYoga yepashure pechinyakare. Inonyanya kusanganisira Yoga Upanishads, Tantra neHatha Yoga. Kune Yoga Upanishads makumi maviri nerimwe. MuUpanishads idzi, kuziva kwakachena, kufunga uye kunyange kufungisisa handizvo chete nzira dzekuwana rusununguko. Dzese dzinofanirwa kuwana mamiriro ekubatana kwaBrahman naAtman kuburikidza nekushanduka kwemuviri uye ruzivo rwemweya rwunokonzerwa nemaitiro ekudzidzira ascetic. Naizvozvo, kudya, kusazvidzora, asanas, chakras nomwe, nezvimwewo, pamwe chete nemantras, maoko-muviri ...
Nguva yemazuva ano
Yoga yakura kusvika padanho rayo rava nzira yakapararira yekurovedza muviri nepfungwa pasi rose. Yakapararira kubva kuIndia kuenda kuEurope, America, Asia-Pacific, Africa, nezvimwewo, uye inoremekedzwa zvikuru nekuda kwemigumisiro yayo yakajeka pakuderedza kushushikana kwepfungwa uye hutano hwemuviri. Panguva imwe chete, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzeyoga dzave dzichivandudzwa nguva dzose, dzakadai sehot yoga, hatha yoga, hot yoga, health yoga, nezvimwewo, pamwe nedzimwe sainzi dzekutarisira yoga. Munguva dzazvino, kunewo vamwe vanhu veyoga vane simba guru, vakaita saIyengar, Swami Ramdev, Zhang Huilan, nezvimwewo. Hazvirambiki kuti yoga yagara iripo ichakwezva kutariswa kwevanhu vanobva kumarudzi ese ehupenyu.
Kana muine mibvunzo kana kuti muchida kuziva zvakawanda,ndapota taura nesu
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-25-2024
