Nhanganyaya kuYoga
Yoga ndiko kududzira kwe "yoga", zvinoreva "joko", zvichireva kushandiswa kwejoko rekushandisa papurazi kubatanidza mhou mbiri pamwechete kurima ivhu, uye kutyaira nhapwa nemabhiza. Kana mhou mbiri dzabatanidzwa nejoko kurima munda, dzinofanira kufamba pamwe chete uye dzichinzwanana uye dzakabatana, zvikasadaro hadzizogoni kushanda. Zvinoreva "kubatana, musanganiswa, kuwirirana", uye gare gare inowedzerwa ku "nzira yekubatanidza nekuwedzera yemweya", ndiko kuti, kuisa pfungwa dzevanhu uye kutungamira, kuishandisa nekuishandisa.
Zviuru zvemakore zvakapfuura muIndia, mukutsvaka chinzwano chakakwirira zvikuru pakati pomunhu nechisiko, mamongi aiwanzogara ari oga musango rekare ndokufungisisa. Mushure menguva refu yehupenyu huri nyore, mamongi akaziva mitemo yakawanda yezvakasikwa kubva pakucherechedza zvipenyu, ndokubva ashandisa mitemo yekupona kwezvisikwa kuvanhu, zvishoma nezvishoma achiona kuchinja kusina kujeka mumuviri. Somugumisiro, vanhu vakadzidza kutaurirana nemiviri yavo, uye nokudaro vakadzidza kuongorora miviri yavo, uye vakatanga kuchengetedza nekugadzirisa hutano hwavo, pamwe chete nemafungiro ekuporesa zvirwere nemarwadzo. Mushure mezviuru zvemakore ekutsvagisa uye pfupiso, seti yeinoti yakakwana, yakarurama uye inoshanda yehutano uye kusimba sisitimu yavepo zvishoma nezvishoma, inova yoga.
Mifananidzo yemajoko emazuva ano
Yoga, iyo yave yakakurumbira uye inopisa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzepasi mumakore achangopfuura, haingori kurovedza muviri kwakakurumbira kana kwemazuva ano. Yoga inzira yekare kwazvo yekuziva simba rekuita iyo inosanganisa huzivi, sainzi uye hunyanzvi. Hwaro hweyoga hwakavakirwa pahuchenjeri hwekare hweIndia. Kwezviuru zvemakore, zvirevo zvepfungwa, zvepanyama uye zvemweya zvakave chikamu chakakosha chetsika dzeIndia. Vatendi vekare veyoga vakagadzira iyo yoga sisitimu nekuti vaitenda zvakasimba kuti nekurovedza muviri nekudzora kufema, vaigona kudzora pfungwa nemanzwiro uye kuchengetedza muviri une hutano nekusingaperi.
Chinangwa cheyoga ndechekuwana kuwirirana pakati pemuviri, pfungwa uye zvisikwa, kuitira kukudziridza kugona kwevanhu, hungwaru uye pamweya. Kuzvitaura zviri nyore, yoga i physiological dynamic movement uye pamweya kuita, uye ihwowo huzivi hwehupenyu hunoshandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Chinangwa chekudzidzira kweyoga ndechekuwana kunzwisisa kwakanaka uye kudzora pfungwa dzako, uye kujairana uye kugona manzwisisiro enyama.
Mavambo eYoga
Mabviro eyoga anogona kuteverwa kumashure ekare budiriro yeIndia. MuIndia yekare makore 5 000 apfuura, yainzi "pfuma yenyika". Iine maitiro akasimba ekufunga zvisinganzwisisike, uye mazhinji acho anopfuudzwa kubva kuna tenzi kuenda kumudzidzi muchimiro chemuromo mafomula. Iwo mayogis ekutanga aive ese masayendisiti akangwara aipikisa zvisikwa gore rese mujinga meHimalaya yakafukidzwa nechando. Kuti urarame hupenyu hurefu uye hune hutano, munhu anofanira kutarisana ne "chirwere", "rufu", "muviri", "mweya" uye hukama pakati pemunhu nenyika. Idzi ndidzo nyaya dzakadzidza yogis kwemazana emakore.
Yoga yakatanga kumakomo eHimalaya kuchamhembe kweIndia. Vatsvakurudzi vehuzivi hwemazuva ano uye nyanzvi dzeyoga, maererano nekutsvakurudza uye ngano, vakafungidzira uye vakatsanangura mavambo eyoga: Kune rumwe rutivi rweHimalayas, kune Gomo reMai Dzvene rakareba mamita 8,000, uko kune vakawanda vanorarama nekufungisisa uye kuoma, uye vazhinji vavo vanova vatsvene. Izvi zvakaita kuti vamwe vanhu vatange kuvaitira shanje ndokuvatevera. Vatsvene ava vakapfuudza nzira dzakavanzika dzekudzidzira kuvateveri vavo nenzira yemafomula omuromo, uye aya ndiwo aive ekutanga mayogi. Apo varapi vekare vekuIndia veyoga vaidzidzira miviri yavo nepfungwa muzvisikwa, vakangoerekana vaona kuti mhuka dzakasiyana siyana nezvirimwa zvakazvarwa zvine nzira dzekuporesa, kuzorora, kurara, kana kuramba dzakamuka, uye vaikwanisa kupora pasina kurapwa kana vachirwara.
Vainyatsocherechedza mhuka kuti vaone kuti dzaijairana sei nehupenyu hwepanyama, kufema kwadzo, kudya, kubuditsa, kuzorora, kurara, uye kukunda zvirwere zvinobudirira. Ivo vakacherekedza, vakatevedzera, uye vakazvionera pachezvake mamiriro emhuka, akasanganiswa nechimiro chemuviri wemunhu uye akasiyana masisitimu, uye vakagadzira akatevedzana maekisesaizi masisitimu anobatsira kumuviri nepfungwa, kureva, asanas. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vakanzvera kuti mudzimu unotapura sei utano, vakanzvera mitoo yokudzora ndangariro, uye vakatsvaka nzira dzokuwana nadzo tsinhirano pakati pomuviri, ndangariro, uye chisiko, nokudaro vachikudziridza mano omunhu, uchenjeri, uye umudzimu. Aya ndiwo mavambo ekufungisisa kweyoga. Mushure memakore anopfuura 5,000 ekudzidzira, nzira dzekuporesa dzinodzidziswa neyoga dzakabatsira zvizvarwa zvevanhu.
Pakutanga, yogis yaidzidzira mumapako nemasango akaomeswa muHimalayas, ndokuzowedzerwa kumatemberi nedzimba dzemunyika. Kana yogis ichipinda pakadzika dzika mukufungisisa kwakadzama, vanozowana musanganiswa wekuziva kwega uye cosmic kuziva, kumutsa simba rakarara mukati, uye kuwana kujekeswa uye nekunakidzwa kukuru, nekudaro vachipa iyo yoga simba rakasimba uye kukwezva, uye zvishoma nezvishoma kupararira pakati pevanhuwo zvavo muIndia.
Around 300 BC, the great Indian sage Patanjali akagadzira iyo Yoga Sutras, iyo yoga yeIndia yakaumbwa zvechokwadi, uye tsika yeyoga yakatsanangurwa zviri pamutemo sehurongwa hwemakumbo masere. Patanjali mutsvene ane kukosha kukuru kweyoga. Akanyora iyo Yoga Sutras, iyo yakapa dzidziso dzese uye ruzivo rweyoga. Mune iri basa, yoga yakagadzira yakakwana system kekutanga. Patanjali anoremekedzwa semuvambi weIndia yoga.
Vanochera matongo vakawana hari yakanyatsochengetedzwa muIndus River Basin, pairi panoratidzwa mufananidzo weyoga uchifungisisa. Iyi poto ine makore angangoita 5,000, izvo zvinoratidza kuti nhoroondo yeyoga inogona kuteverwa kumashure kune yakatokura nguva.
Vedic Proto-Vedic nguva
Primitive period
Kubva 5000 BC kusvika 3000 BC, varapi veIndia vakadzidza tsika yeyoga kubva kumhuka musango rekutanga. MuWutong Valley, yainyanya kupfuudzwa muchivande. Mushure memakore 1,000 ekushanduka-shanduka, pakanga pane zvinyorwa zvishomanana zvakanyorwa, uye zvakaonekwa nenzira yekufungisisa, kufungisisa uye kuzvinyima. Yoga panguva iyi yainzi Tantric Yoga. Munguva iyo isina marekodhi akanyorwa, yoga zvishoma nezvishoma yakagadziridzwa kubva kune yechinyakare pfungwa yehuzivi ikava nzira yekudzidzira, pakati payo kufungisisa, kufungisisa uye asceticism yaive musimboti weiyo yoga tsika. Munguva yeIndus Civilization, boka revanhu veko muIndia subcontinent rakatenderera nenyika. Zvose zvakavapa kurudziro isingaperi. Vaiita mitambo yakaoma uye inokosha uye vainamata vanamwari kuti vabvunze chokwadi cheupenyu. Kunamatwa kwesimba repabonde, kugona kwakakosha uye hupenyu hurefu ndiwo maitiro eTantric Yoga. Yoga mupfungwa yechinyakare itsika yomukati memweya. Kuvandudzwa kweyoga kwagara kuchiperekedzwa nenhoroondo yekushanduka kwezvitendero zveIndia. Kureva kweyoga kwave kuenderera mberi kugadzirwa uye kupfumiswa nekuvandudzwa kwenhoroondo.
Vedic nguva
Pfungwa yekutanga yeyoga yakaonekwa muzana ramakore rechi 15 BC kusvika muzana ramakore rechisere BC. Kupinda kwevaAryans vanotama kwakawedzera kuderera kwebudiriro yeIndia uye kwakaunza tsika dzeBrahman. Pfungwa yeyoga yakatanga kutaurwa muchitendero chekare "Vedas", iyo yakatsanangura yoga se "kuzvidzora" kana "kuranga" asi isina maitiro. Muchikamu chayo chekupedzisira, yoga yakashandiswa senzira yekuzvidzora, uye zvakare yaisanganisira zvimwe zvemukati zvekudzora kufema. Panguva iyoyo, yakasikwa nevaprista vaitenda muna Mwari kuti vaimbe zviri nani. Chinangwa cheVedic yoga tsika chakatanga kushanduka kubva kunyanya zvichibva pakuita kwemuviri kuti uwane kuzvisunungura kuenda kuhuzivi hwechitendero hurefu hwekuona kubatana kwaBrahman naAtman.
Pre- Classical
Yoga inova nzira yekudzidzira zvemweya
Muzana remakore rechitanhatu BC, varume vaviri vakuru vakazvarwa muIndia. Mumwe ndiBuddha anozivikanwa zvikuru, uye mumwe wacho ndiMahavira, muvambi wesekete reJain rakagamuchidzanwa muIndia. Dzidziso dzaBuddha dzinogona kupfupikiswa se "Chokwadi Ina Chakanaka: kutambura, mavambo, kupera, uye nzira". Zvose zviri zviviri dzidziso dzaBuddha dzinozivikanwa zvikuru pasi rose. Imwe inonzi "Vipassana" uye imwe inonzi "Samapatti", iyo inosanganisira yakakurumbira "Anapanasati". Pamusoro pezvo, Buddha akatanga hwaro hwekuita zvemweya hunodaidzwa kuti "Nzira Yakapetwa Rusere", umo "mararamiro chaiwo" uye "kuedza chaiko" zvakada kufanana nemirairo uye kushingaira muRaja Yoga.
Mufananidzo weMahavira, muvambi weJainism muIndia
ChiBuddha chakanga chakakurumbira zvikuru munguva dzakare, uye miitiro yetsika yechiBuddha yakavakirwa pakufungisisa yakapararira kune zhinjisa dzeAsia. Kufungisisa kwechiBhudha kwakanga kusingaganhurirwi kune mamwe mamongi uye maascetics (Sadhus), asiwo aiitwa nevazhinji vanhuwo zvavo. Nekuda kwekupararira kwakapararira kwechiBuddha, kufungisisa kwakave kwakakurumbira muIndia. Gare gare, kubvira pakupera kwezana remakore rechi10 kusvika pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi13, vaMuslim vokuTurkey vokuCentral Asia vakapinda nechisimba muIndia ndokugara ikoko. Ivo vakarova zvikuru chiBuddha ndokumanikidza maIndia kutendeukira kuchiIslam kupfurikidza nechisimba uye nzira dzezvemari. Pakasvika mavambo ezana ramakore rechi 13, chiBuddha chakanga chava kupera muIndia. Nekudaro, muChina, Japan, South Korea uye Southeast Asia nyika, tsika yekufungisisa yeBuddhist yakachengetedzwa uye yakagadziridzwa.
Muzana ramakore rechitanhatu BC, Buddha akatanga (Vipassana), iyo yakanyangarika muIndia muzana ramakore rechi 13. VaMuslim vakapinda nechisimba uye vakamanikidza Islam. Muzana ramakore rechisere BC-5th yezana BC, mune yechitendero classic Upanishads, hapana asana, iyo inoreva yakajairika nzira yekudzidzira inogona kubvisa zvachose marwadzo. Kune zvikoro zviviri zvakakurumbira zveyoga, zvinoti: karma yoga uye jnana yoga. Karma yoga inosimbisa tsika dzechitendero, nepo jnana yoga inotarisa pakudzidza nekunzwisisa magwaro echitendero. Nzira mbiri dzekuita dzinogona kugonesa vanhu kuti vasvike pakusunungurwa.
Classical nguva
5th century BC - 2nd century AD: Yakakosha yoga classics inooneka
Kubva pane rekodhi reVedas muna 1500 BC, kusvika kune yakajeka rekodhi yeyoga muUpanishads, kusvika pakuonekwa kweBhagavad Gita, kubatana kweiyo yoga tsika neVedanta huzivi hwakapedzwa, iyo yainyanya kutaura nezve nzira dzakasiyana dzekutaurirana neumwari, uye zvirimo zvaisanganisira Raja Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Karma Yoga, Karma Yoga uye Jnana Yoga. Yakagadzira iyo yoga, tsika yezvemweya yevanhu, ive yechokwadi, kubva pakusimbisa maitiro kusvika pakugarisana kwemaitiro, kutenda, uye ruzivo.
Around 300 BC, the Indian sage Patanjali akagadzira iyo Yoga Sutras, iyo yeIndia yoga yakaumbwa zvechokwadi, uye tsika yeyoga yakatsanangurwa zviri pamutemo senzira yemakumbo masere. Patanjali anoremekedzwa semuvambi weyoga. Iyo Yoga Sutras inotaura nezve kuwana mamiriro ekudzikama kwemuviri, pfungwa, uye mweya kuburikidza nekucheneswa pamweya, uye inotsanangura iyo yoga senzira yekudzidzira inodzvanyirira kuchinjika kwepfungwa. Ndiko: mhedziso yekufunga kweSamkhya uye dzidziso yekudzidzira yechikoro cheYoga, nyatso kutevedzera nzira yemakumbo masere kuti uwane kusunungurwa uye kudzokera kumunhu chaiye. Nzira yemakumbo masere ndeye: "Matanho masere ekudzidzira yoga; kuzvidzora, kushingaira, kufungisisa, kufema, kudzora pfungwa, kutsungirira, kufungisisa, uye samadhi." Ndiyo pakati peRaja Yoga uye nzira yekuwana kujekeswa.
Post-Classical
2nd century AD - 19th century AD: Yemazuvano Yoga yakabudirira
Tantra, chitendero cheesoteric chine pesvedzero huru payoga yemazuva ano, inotenda kuti rusununguko rwekupedzisira runogona kuwanikwa chete kuburikidza nekuzvinyima uye kufungisisa, uye kuti rusununguko runogona kuwanikwa pakupedzisira kuburikidza nekunamata mwarikadzi. Vanotenda kuti zvese zvine relativity uye huviri (chakanaka nechakaipa, chinopisa uye chinotonhora, yin uye yang), uye nzira chete yekubvisa marwadzo ndeyekubatanidza nekubatanidza hukama hwese uye huviri mumuviri. Patanjali-kunyangwe akasimbisa kukosha kwekurovedza muviri uye kucheneswa, aitendawo kuti muviri wemunhu hauna kuchena. Iyo yogi yakavhenekerwa zvechokwadi ichaedza kubvisa kambani yeboka kuti isasvibiswa. Nekudaro, iyo (Tantra) Yoga chikoro inokoshesa muviri wemunhu zvakanyanya, inotenda kuti Lord Shiva varipo mumuviri wemunhu, uye inotenda kuti kwakabva zvinhu zvese zvakasikwa isimba repabonde, iro riri pasi pemusana. Nyika haisi yemanyepo, asi humbowo hwehumwari. Vanhu vanogona kuswedera pedyo nehumwari kuburikidza neruzivo rwenyika. Vanosarudza kubatanidza simba revarume nevakadzi nenzira yekufananidzira. Ivo vanovimba neakaomerwa ega yoga kumutsa simba rechikadzi mumuviri, kuribvisa kubva mumuviri, uye vozorisanganisa nerechirume simba riri pamusoro pemusoro. Vanoremekedza vakadzi kupfuura chero yoga.
Mushure meYoga Sutras, ndeye post-classical yoga. Iyo inonyanya kusanganisira iyo Yoga Upanishads, Tantra uye Hatha Yoga. Kune 21 Yoga Upanishads. Mune aya maUpanishads, cognition yakachena, kufunga uye kunyange kufungisisa haisiriyo nzira chete dzekuwana rusununguko. Vese vanofanirwa kuzadzisa mamiriro ekubatana kweBrahman naAtman kuburikidza nekushandurwa kwemuviri uye ruzivo rwemweya rwunokonzerwa neacetic tsika maitiro. Naizvozvo, kudya, kuzvidzora, asanas, manomwe chakras, nezvimwe, zvakasanganiswa nemantras, ruoko-muviri ...
Nguva yemazuva ano
Yoga yakasimukira kusvika padanho rave nzira yakapararira yekurovedza muviri nepfungwa munyika. Yakapararira kubva kuIndia kuenda kuEurope, America, Asia-Pacific, Africa, nezvimwewo, uye inoremekedzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwemhedzisiro yayo iri pachena pakurerutsa kushushikana kwepfungwa uye hutano hwehutano hwepanyama. Panguva imwecheteyo, nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzeyoga dzakagara dzichiitwa, dzakadai seyoga inopisa, hatha yoga, hot yoga, hutano yoga, nezvimwewo, pamwe chete nesainzi yekutarisira yoga. Munguva dzazvino, kunewo mamwe mayoga manhamba ane simba rakakura, akadai saIyengar, Swami Ramdev, Zhang Huilan, etc. Hazvirambiki kuti iyo yoga yakamira kwenguva refu ichakwezva kutariswa kwakawanda kubva kuvanhu vanobva kwakasiyana siyana.
Kana uine chero mibvunzo kana uchida kuziva zvakawanda,ndapota taura nesu
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-25-2024
